This is particularly true of small cell lung cancer (SCLC), where surgically resected tissue is rarely available. Traditional approaches to the preclinical investigation of cancer therapies rely on the use of established cell lines maintained in serum-based growth media. Yung, Rex Parmigani, Giovanni Dorsch, Marion Peacock, Craig D. In the meantime, more work is required to establish the most informative methods in zebrafish.Ī Primary Xenograft Model of Small Cell Lung Cancer Reveals Irreversible Changes in Gene Expression Imposed by Culture In-Vitroĭaniel, Vincent C. For this to be resolved, novel mechanisms must to be discovered in zebrafish that are subsequently validated in humans, and for therapeutic interventions that modulate cancer favourably in zebrafish to successfully translate to human clinical studies. However, their ability to sufficiently reproduce and predict the behaviour of human cancer and metastasis remains unproven. Expert opinion: The practical advantages of zebrafish for basic biological study and drug discovery are indisputable. They summarise previous work investigating the metastatic cascade, such as tumour-induced angiogenesis, intravasation, extravasation, dissemination and homing, invasion at secondary sites, assessing metastatic potential and evaluation of cancer stem cells in zebrafish. Areas covered: The authors discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the zebrafish xenograft model for the study of cancer, metastasis and drug discovery. However, this model system remains underexploited. The zebrafish is increasingly used for cancer modelling, particularly xenografting of human cancer cell lines, and drug discovery, and may provide novel scientific and therapeutic insights. Patients with metastatic cancer suffer the highest rate of cancer-related death, but existing animal models of metastasis have disadvantages that limit our ability to understand this process. Zebrafish xenograft models of cancer and metastasis for drug discovery.īrown, Hannah K Schiavone, Kristina Tazzyman, Simon Heymann, Dominique Chico, Timothy Ja These xenograft models could therefore be viewed as next-generation models of prostate cancer. As such, they are highly clinically relevant and provide valuable tools for studies of prostate cancer progression at cellular and molecular levels, drug screening for personalized cancer therapy and preclinical drug efficacy testing especially when a panel of models is used to cover a broader spectrum of the disease. The xenografts have been found to retain key biological properties of the original malignancies, including histopathological and molecular characteristics, tumor heterogeneity, response to androgen ablation and metastatic ability. This technique allows successful development of transplantable, patient-derived cancer tissue xenograft lines not only from aggressive metastatic, but also from localized prostate cancer tissues. This review particularly focuses on the development of prostate cancer xenograft models based on subrenal capsule grafting of patients’ tumor tissue into nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) mice. Research in this area, however, has been seriously hampered by a lack of clinically relevant, experimental in vivo models of the disease. There is a critical need for more effective therapeutic approaches for prostate cancer.
Lin, Dong Xue, Hui Wang, Yuwei Wu, Rebecca Watahiki, Akira Dong, Xin Cheng, Hongwei Wyatt, Alexander W Collins, Colin C Gout, Peter W Wang, Yuzhuo Next generation patient-derived prostate cancer xenograft models
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